The Universal Laws of Gravity and Repulsion 

 

Gravity, a polarized particle that applies a force to a mass in the same

direction  during pass-through is only half the equation, the counter-force repulsion completes it.  

Short Summary

Properties & Origin of the Gravity Sub-Atomic Particle

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   Rebuttal to: Southwestern Oklahoma State University

   The laws of gravity that mankind has accepted from Newton and Einstein provided a great foundation and work for simplistic applications, but would not work in other parts of the Universe. Gravity is only has half the equation, I will complete the equation with a force unknown except to a few, the repulsion force. 

Gravity

   Gravity, long rumored to be a wave or some cross wave-particle, is a polarized particle. It has a very minute set charge when in equilibrium or its original state that moves from the void of space eventually to the center of a mass. The flow rate of gravity particles in close proximity and on the surface of a cosmic object is determined by the size and volume of the mass. This dictates the magnitude of the attracting charge to the gravity particles and the available space, which has gathered at the center of the mass. A similarity to this description is water pressure, where the size of the pipe (mass) and the power of the motor propelling the water (attracting charge) yield rate of water moved (gravitational particle flow rate). Gravity is an attractive force applied to an independent mass as gravity particles flow towards the center of the dominant mass (the destination due to a charge). During this particle-mass encounter, the independent mass is subjected to a gravity particle pass through, a pressure force precedes the particle which is dependent upon the complexity of the molecular bonds and the density of the molecular structure with slight variations accounted for by anomalies in the mass’s structure. This cumulative force of all gravity particles is applied or pushes on the mass in the direction of the flow of gravity particles or towards the center of the primary mass. The intensity of the gravitational force is dependent on the amount of particles passing through a defined cubic area of the mass during a time period represented by T and the subject mass elemental composition, inorganic or organic and its density.  T, a unit of time, is a variable in different parts of the universe; this is why it is a component of the gravitational equation. Organic material with its complex molecular bonds and the density of a molecular structure blocks the gravitational particle flow rates. Constriction of available pass through space causes backpressures to reflect back towards the incoming gravity particles, hence a larger force applied to the mass due to a longer particle contact with the organic material. The weight of an object would be the cumulative total of all gravity particles applied pressure pushes during a specified time period T. Once the gravity particles reach the center of mass, a new phenomena, the repulsion force, emanates from a particle that has a polarity opposite to gravity occurs. Scientists have observed the effects of a gravitational field, but have arrived at the wrong conclusions. Gravitational fields do not bend the fabric of space and time. Many have observed the bending of light when it passes close to a star or large gravitational source. Gravity deflects incoming photon particles due to pressure from a crowded field of gravity particles, the higher the concentration of gravity particles the greater the deflection of photon particles. This is the reason why British scientists while trying to prove Einstein’s theories observed light from distant not seen behind stars. The distortion in the fabric of space and time is not true. Gravity affects mass not dimensions of length, width, and breadth. 

Repulsion 

  The repulsion particle new to earth science is a transformed gravity particle due to acquiring a new charge while being subjected to forces in the core of the dominant mass. This takes place from overcrowding as gravity particles continue to pour in. The attractive charge emanating from the mass that has brought the particles to a point of equilibrium or neutrality within the center of the mass now faces pressure from the continuing influx of particles that are following from the rear. Gravity particles, now subjected compression from new arrivals are pushed further into the center of the core, where their original static charge is overwhelmed by the opposite polarity charge at the center that attracted them. They begin to lose their original charge and align with the polarity of the dominant attractive charge. As the number of particles build with like charges in this area of the core, segregation of like particles in cells begin stacking at specific points, evenly dispersed randomly in a 360-degree spherical direction. A two dimensional example can be shown in the following thread where we only take into account net X and Y distances when the balls occupy the same the plane at different times and ignore the Z distance of up and down. {The effect of dispersion can be seen when two balls are randomly set free in a slowly sloping cone. Their circular path is finally separated by 180 degrees. This is not by chance. The balls, as they travel, create pressure zones that precede their path in conjunction with producing low-pressure zones in their wake. The equilibrium point between the high and low pressure zones created between the balls sets them on opposite sides of the circular path.} Once the incoming gravity particle has assimilated a like charge that is great enough to overcome the containment pressures from the stacked particles on top, it is ejected or repulsed from the center of the mass in a high speed, concentrated stream. The force propelling the particle is in relation to the particle charge vs. the total charge at the center of the mass. Hence, the name and result is a repulsion particle. This particle exhibits some of the following new characteristics not yet seen by scientists. Any mass at close range encountered while exiting the primary mass is not effected, since the repulsion particles tend to rip through a mass due to speed of the particle ejection and the concentration of the stream without applying a force. This is accomplished as a stream of repulsion particles follow in each other wakes allowing minimal push to affect the mass. {Similar to a Nascar racer who follows a leader, the car’s drag is reduced while in close proximity to the rear wake air stream in front.} Repulsion particles move in the form of a needle being expelled at a high speed. Powerful, but passes through any mass without really applying any force due to concentration. It is when the repulsion particles saturate the immediate area surrounding a mass, that their effect takes place. Pressure precedes the repulsion particles thus deflecting and crowding out the incoming gravity particles and thus not allowing an incoming push to be applied to the mass. Simultaneously the repulsion particles now dispersed apply an outward force to the mass as they pass through. The point where this force neutralizes gravity is the repulsion point or the mean distance of an orbit in mankind’s eyes. As the repulsion particles return to space, an equalization process occurs. Mankind sees space as having zero gravity, but it is really repulsion and gravity particles applying an equal force on a mass with a net force of zero. The repulsion particle settles in space and its charge bleeds off slowly, dissipating back to its original static charge and once again becoming a gravity particle as the cycle repeats. This is why gravity is the same at all parts of the globe except where surface anomalies are present.

   I will now apply mathematical gravitational equations to back the theory. Mankind assumes the force of gravity exerted on planets in orbit is balanced by centrifugal force due to orbital motion. Otherwise the planets would be pulled into the Sun by gravity. All measurements below were acquired from standard reference books. 

Setting up the equations gravity equals centrifugal force, we have:

 

Gravitational Constant * Mass 1 * Mass 2  =                   Mass 1 * Velocity2

                        Radius 2                                                     Radius

Solving for Mass 2:  

Mass 2  =       Radius * Velocity2

                   Gravitational Constant

 

Since the gravitational constant does not vary, the mass at the center is dependent on the radius of the orbit and the speed of the object (Mass 1 which has dropped out of the equation).

Mass 1: The Earth

Mass 2: The Sun

Gravitational Constant: 6.67 * 10-11

Radius (Distance from the Sun to the Earth): 1.4993 * 1011 meters

Velocity = Distance (2* 3.1416 * Radius) = 29,811 meters per second

                                                                                  Time (seconds)

Time conversion to seconds: 365.25 * 24 * 60 * 60

Since the gravitational constant does not vary, the mass at the center is dependent on the radius of the orbit and the speed of the object (Mass 1 which has dropped out of the equation).  

Mass2 =      Radius * Velocity2

                Gravitational Constant

 

1.995 *1030 kg = 1.4993 *1011 m * (29,811 m/s)2

                                      6.67 * 10-11

Using the same equations on the Earth and the Moon, we can see how the mass for the Earth was approximated at 5.97 * 1024 kilograms. Our answer is an approximation due to the rounding of distances involving the radius.

Mass 1: The Moon

Mass 2: The Earth

Gravitational Constant: 6.67 * 10-11

Radius (Distance from the Earth to the Moon): 3.85 * 108 meters

Velocity = Distance (2* 3.1416 * Radius) = 1024.75 m/sec.

                                                                                              Time (seconds)

Time conversion to seconds: 27 days 7 hours 43 minutes = 2360580

 

 

Mass2 =      Radius * Velocity2

                  Gravitational Constant

 

6.03 *1024 kg = 3.85 *108 m * (1024.75 m/s)2

                                     6.67 * 10-11

   Noting that the mass of the Sun and Earth were solved using this gravitational-centrifugal force equation, where the equation falls can now be noted. To solve this reverse proof, 2 additional equations will be introduced.

Density = Mass

                 Volume

 

Volume of a Sphere = 4 * Pi * Radius3 

                                                                                                 3

   We will use the formulas Density = Mass / Volume, and 4/3 * Pi * Radius3 for the volume of spheres to arrive at the average mass of a cubic centimeter of the Sun and the Earth. The radii of the respective objects, the Sun and the Earth are 6.9552 *108 meters, 6.378 * 106 meters.

Radius:

The Sun: 6.9552 * 108 meters

The Earth: 6.378 * 106 meters

The masses of the objects are given above in the text boxes. Substituting for mass and radius, the resultant density for the Sun and Earth respectively is 1,416 kg / m3 and 5,493 kg / m3.   

Density of the Sun = 3* 1.995 * 1030

                                                  4 * 3.1416 * 6.9552 * 108 

 

Density of the Earth = 3* 5.97 * 1024

                                                  4 * 3.1416 * 6.378 * 106

   Converting to grams/ cubic centimeters   {kg: g :: 1: 1,000}, {cubic meters: cubic centimeters :: 1 : 106}. The equations does breakdown to a conversion ratio rate of 1 to 1,000. The density of the Sun and Earth comes to respectively: 1.416 grams / cc. and 5.49 grams / cc. The first sign of conflict in mankind’s theories should now begin to surface. 

Density of the mass of the Earth: 5.49 grams/cc. 

Density of the mass of the Sun: 1.416 grams/cc.

    The mass of the Earth when expressed in a comparison with the Sun's equated density per cubic centimeter; seems to be too low when compression of matter has to be taken into account. Examining the density of iron, a common element located in the middle of the periodic chart, is a major component of core of the Earth. Iron has an established density of 7.874-grams/ cc. at 20 degrees C. under normal atmospheric pressure at sea level, but Earth’s average density is only 69.76% of iron. With most of the light elements located in the crust, which is about 20 miles thick, how did Newton account for the mass under extreme compression below the crust and in the core of the Earth? One only has to contemplate the depths of the ocean to get an idea of molecular compression, which would crush most reinforced metallic structures on Earth. This leads to a conclusion that the mass of the Earth is under estimated, which then negates the current approximations of the Sun’s mass. Finally, to show that centrifugal force does not balance gravity, we will conduct a density comparison of equal volumes of the Sun’s and the Earth’s masses. Mankind assumes the composition of the Sun is approximately 75% hydrogen and 25% helium. This is due to spectrum analysis of the light emanating from the Sun by astronomers. Most scientists have overlooked the effects of gravity, light absorption of the stellar mass, and the surface light overwhelming internal sources as to be undetected. The gravitational force of the solar mass impedes and collects most of the light spectrum of the heavy elements emitted from the core. Only trace amounts of the heavy element’s spectrum that mixes with the light hydrogen and helium elements burning in the outer shell are detected.

   I will now set up a mathematical proof to shed doubt on the current estimates of the mass of the Sun and Earth. Setting up an Earth-Sun gravity-mass comparison, I will use standard measurements, but much higher than normal in favor of current theories to validate my point. Hydrogen and helium at 20 degrees C. under Earth’s gravitational force has densities of .00008375 grams / cc. and .0001664 grams / cc. respectively.

Densities at 200 centigrade

Hydrogen = .00008375 grams/ cc.

Helium = .0001664 grams/ cc.

Under Earth’s gravitational field

   These density measurements of both hydrogen and helium gases would be much significantly lower if the temperature of the gases were brought up to the average internal temperatures of the Sun. Using the density figures from above at the H - He distribution of the Sun, the combined density of the two elements at Earth’s gravity is .0001044125 grams / cc. I will now introduce another equation Pressure = Force / Area. I will substitute [Mass * Acceleration] for Force, and Gravitational Force for Pressure. Now I will replace acceleration with the gravitational constant. This yields Gravitational Force = [Mass * Gravitational Constant] / Area. Since I am using a cc. for the standard area. Both the area and the gravitational constant are fixed. Resulting in the mass and the gravitational force being proportional to each other. 

Pressure = Force/Area

Force = Mass* Acceleration

Substituting: Gravitational force = Pressure

                     Gravitational constant  = Acceleration

Yields: Gravitational Force = [Mass * Gravitational Constant]/Area

   Now according to mankind, the Sun’s gravity at it’s surface is approximately 28.1 times that of Earth’s, using the standard formula of Gravitational Force or weight = Gravitational Constant * Mass / Radius2. It would take a gravitational force approximately 13,562 times that of Earth to compress an H - He mixture of the Sun to a density of 1.416 grams / cc. at 20 degrees C. This would be significantly less than the force needed to support the internal temperatures of the Sun. The gravitational force to compress H-He mixture to a density of 1.4616 grams / cc. would not occur until the radius of the Sun was reduced to approximately 4.5% of its original radial distance with the same mass. To arrive at that conclusion, we will use the same gravitational formula or weight formula above and solve for the radius as a final result. First solving for the gravitational force on Earth, substitute 6.67 * 10-11 for the gravitational constant, 5.97 * 1024 kg. for the mass of the Earth, and 6.378 * 106 m. for the radius of the Earth. This equation yields a gravitational acceleration force equal to 9.788837/m2. Since the gravitational force on the surface of the Sun according to physics is 28.1 times Earth, the force needed to achieve the desired density of hydrogen and helium within its mass is 482 times the Earth’s gravitational force of 9.788837/ meters /sec2. Calculating the mass of the Sun and the gravitational force needed to compress a hydrogen-helium mixture to the density established by scientists supporting today’s theories could only be achieved near the core, which would have to a maximum radius of 3.167 * 107 m could yield sufficient force. If you compare the volume of the Sun’s present sphere with the radius to achieve the hydrogen-helium compression level equivalent to density of the Sun, the volume of the Sun would be only .094 % of its original size. We can now see that the mass of the Sun is grossly under estimated. Conclusion, the velocity of the planets and other objects in motion around the Sun, does not have a fraction of the velocity to maintain their positions.

   This concludes that there is another force present to the balance the velocity of the orbit and gravitational attraction, the Repulsion Force. Now I will complete the new universal law of gravity and repulsion. Flow Rate of Gravity Particles, which varies according to the density level of the occupying universe or for this part of the universe, replaces the accepted gravitational constant. So [Flow Rate of Gravity Particles / Radius2] – [Flow Rate of Repulsion Particles, which varies according to the density level of the occupying universe or for this part of the universe, becomes the new Repulsion Constant * e(k * Radius)]. The repulsion force, which is emitted out of a mass in concentrated streams cannot use Radius2 as a rate of change, so the exponential function e will be used, which that would more accurately describe the rate of change. Where k is the rate of exponential change for is unit of radius. So the exponential function becomes a factor of the repulsion constant and the divisor radius2 drops out. The ratio between Mass1 and Mass2 must be large enough for the repulsion force to be invoked. Otherwise the smaller mass will be captured and crash to the surface of the larger object, due to insufficient repulsion particles flowing to over take gravity. Mass1, Mass2 and T (Time) a new component to the gravitational formula is a variable in the universe, which is still unknown to most of Earth science become factors to both parts of the gravity and repulsion equations, * [Mass1 * Mass2 * Time] = Total Force (the new term replacing Gravitational force, which now only represents a positive attracting force, Repulsion force the negative side. 

                                      

        T F = [Gravitational Constant - Repulsion Constant * e(k * Radius)] *  [M1*M2*T]                

                         Radius2   

For Orbital Equations: Subtract [Mass1 * Velocity2] from TF

                                          Radius   

                      

·                     T F = Total Force (Positive value is a gravitational force, a negative value is a repulsive force.)

·                     e = exponential function

·                     k = exponential rate at which the repulsion particle flow increases or decreases to distance

·                     T = Time (in our case is equal to 1)

 

To test this theory we would have to look towards the Moon. The Moon’s absence of an atmosphere will eliminate all of mankind’s excuses for backing Newton. When satellites are placed in orbit around Earth, the reason given for the decaying orbit is friction due to contact with Earth’s thin upper atmosphere. This contact only plays a small part in the decay process. An object moving in a circular motion loses forward momentum as direction of force is towards the center.. The centrifugal force counteracting gravity decreases and results in the satellite falling out of orbit. If a satellite were placed into an orbit around the Moon at the precise orbital velocity and distance to match its gravitational force, it would eventually crash to the surface. Since the object would have insufficient repulsion generated because of its small mass to overcome incoming speed and the gravitational force of the Moon to prevent a collision. This experiment would leave mankind mystified, since there isn’t any atmosphere to account for the decay in orbital momentum.

I want to thank God for bestowing knowledge

All Rights Reserved:  Copyright 2000

 

Mankind's Explanation for Gravity