The
Hubble Constant
In 1929 Edwin Hubble came to the conclusion that the universe was expanding. He proposed, the speed of the galaxy in recession is proportional to its distance way from Earth. This gave way for astronomers to express a constant in units of kilometers per second divided by a mega-parsec or about 3million light years, which is called the Hubble Constant. This constant has been under constant controversy among present astronomers and disputed to be between 50 and 100, which approximates the age of the universe somewhere between 8 and 16 billion years.
The debate of the Hubble constant will dissolve as the next generation
telescope comes on line. Peering further than mankind has observed, he will be
surprised to see more galaxies than can be counted in an area that is supposed
to be near the beginning of time. The formation and clumping of the galaxies and
the age of stellar objects will not be explained as they transcend the estimated
occurrence of the Big Bang. At this time, astronomers will try to rework their
theories to fit what they have observed.
The universe is in a static condition with the distances between the galaxies in a state of equilibrium as the force of gravity and the force of repulsion provide a sense of balance with the mass on a galactic level of the universe. Movement occurs only within the local region of universe when a galaxy or group of in close proximity is captured by a black hole or released in a big bang. The Red Shift of light emanating from galaxies that mankind observes, as movement away from a theoretical Big Bang is incomplete, because they have not analyzed the total picture. Galaxies, many with black holes occupying their centers rotate at wide velocities. Some with rotational velocities approaching the speed of light exhibit a large red and blue shift as stars rotate away and towards Earth. Though, due to large galactic distances the blue wavelengths are attenuated, leaving only the Red Shift to be observed by astronomers. This Red Shift is also dependant upon the angle of the plane of rotation of the galaxy in relation to Earth, which only the net speed on a direct line with Earth registers. Quasars are different; their Red Shift is caused by bursts of accelerating matter and energy dispersing from a stable universal entry point at or near the speed of light.
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