In this equation where the initial mass and its volume are defined in figure 1, as the radius component of the sphere is reduced by a factor of 10, the initial pressure P within the sphere is increased by a factor of 1,000 as a resultant of the radii reduction. So the P in this equation no matter what its value is a 1000 times greater, yielding 1000P = nRT/V when the r component is reduced to .1r.

In figure 2 sphere A has the same mass and radii as in figure 1, but we find that gravitational acceleration on the shell of the sphere B when the radii is reduced to .1 of original, gravitational acceleration on the shell of sphere B only increases by a factor of 100.

Stellar Formation from a Collapsing Nebula Cloud

Formation of Planetary Solar Systems

   The current theories on collapsing clouds of dust and gas are invalid due to the factor 10 problem. The concept a cloud self-compressing due to gravity can not sustain the inward motion towards a centralized point as the increase in pressure would negate it after a few factor 10 reductions of the original radii of the cloud.

Hydrostatic Equilibrium of Stars

   When considering current theories on stellar objects we can look to our own Sun as an example. Scientists have concluded that a balance of gravitational acceleration applied to the shell or surface of star or our Sun in this example counters the expansion of the fusion process occurring within the core of the Sun, defined as Hydrostatic Equilibrium. Mankind also assumes the mass surrounding the core is part of the containment process thus aiding gravity. Would not a hot expanding gas move towards the surface the path of least resistance as opposed to applying pressure to the expanding core? Scientists have not considered all possibilities involved in the theory. What is needed, is to establish a reference radii where gravity is the containment factor at that point, how does it continue to maintain that balanced relationship as the factor 10 problem applies to every uniform 10 reduction of the radius? The factor 10 problem introduces an unbalanced force into the hydrostatic equation of stars, which would lead to a breach of the gravitational containment bubble.

The Concept of Gravity and the Consideration of the Repulsion Force

   Gravity the basis for how the planets of solar system maintain their order, are based upon the Sun's mass and the equilibrium of planetary orbital velocity vs. orbital distance. Scientists have not considered that the factor 10 problem negates any balance of gravity vs. the pressure output of the fusion process if a reference radii was established and the hydrostatic equilibrium of the Sun's mass at that point was stable. As the density of the Sun increased, the factor 10 problem would destabilize the hydrostatic equilibrium quickly. In order for the gravitational shell, which contains the outward motion of the Sun, the mass needed has to be much larger than mankind's calculations, thus the balance of planetary orbital velocities and related distances from the Sun could not exist. Only a massive iron based core in the heart of the Sun would account for not only the gravitational containment force, but also provide the basis for its magnetic field. The deciding factor is the introduction of a new force that keeps matter apart it the presence of a gravitational field in conjunction with a new understanding of then fusion process.